By. Scott Jackson
01/28/2025
Hundreds of thousands are currently fleeing the city of Goma and the surrounding area as M23 militia have reportedly commenced a large-scale assault on the area. The United Nations has said that M23 control the airport but that some pro-government militia and the Congolese army are still holding out.
Learning the past to better understand the present.
M23 or the March 23rd Movement and also known as the Congolese Revolutionary Army, is a Congolese majority Tutsi rebel army backed by Rwanda. They mainly operate out of North Kivu province which borders Rwanda and Uganda in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. A United Nations report in 2013 found that M23 was essentially created and led by the Rwandan government, headed by President and former revolutionary leader Paul Kagame since after the 1994 Rwandan Genocide.
To understand this current conflict we have to go all the way back to the genocide which was kicked off in ‘94 when the plane carrying President Juvénal Habyarimana, an ethnic Hutu, was mysteriously shot down on its approach to the capital, of which the plane was Kigali. This sparked the 100 day murder spree that became known as the Rwandan genocide. An estimated 800,000 people, mostly of the Tutsi minority, were killed in that time frame by the instigation of Hutu extremists. At the end of the hundred days Kagame’s army had control of the country, and hundreds of thousands of Hutu extremists as well as normal people fled to the neighboring country of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (called Zaire until it was changed during the first Congo war in 1997).
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